Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Science tells us the truth about reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Science tells us the truth about reality - Essay Example The results will therefore explain real behavior of the studied objects and communicate the truth that is observed. Scientific information can also be gathered from people’s opinions and perceptions on reality. Information that is developed from these approaches represents truth because they rely on people’s experiences or rationale from observations. Collecting data on people’s experiences, for example, develops information from people’s real life experiences. It therefore communicates the truth to the extent that the source narrated the truth. Other methods for developing scientific information such as making direct observation or analyzing secondary sources of information also support the position that science tells the truth about nature. This is because the methods are accurate and consistent (Cottrell and McKenzie 194- 196, 230- 234). These mean that science based information is derived from real life experiences and is therefore reflective of the tr uth about the reality that develops it. There are however arguments that science does not tell the truth about nature. The fact that some theories are not developed from actual data means that the theories cannot be proved using real life issues. The theories may therefore lack accuracy and consistency in what they say about reality. Inaccuracy of what science says in the theories may mean that science is not saying the truth. Scientific information may also be true in one area but it may be false in another area because of inconsistency (Cottrell and McKenzie 13). Existence of factors and happenings that science cannot explain also means that science may not be telling us the truth about reality. Logics and mathematical positions are examples of truths that science does not explain. Science only offers assumptions on the positions. Many other scientific positions are based on assumptions that cannot be

Monday, October 28, 2019

Direct discrimination Essay Example for Free

Direct discrimination Essay Direct discrimination is intended by an individual usually due to a person’s background, culture, personality, race, disability, gender, religion, belief, sexual orientation, age. Indirect discrimination refers to applying a provision, criterion or practice which disadvantages people of a particular group. Direct discrimination may occur in a care home by a service provider only supporting a female, only support someone of their own culture and refuse to give personal care to males or not include everyone in a group activity. Indirect discrimination may occur in a way whereby a service provider is thinking everyone drinks tea so only offer tea, by giving a service user a shower daily but not offering a bath or see if they would prefer just a wash or not making reasonable adjustment which can exclude individuals with disabilities. By supporting an individual’s diversity by recognising their differences and valuing them and their individuality, by supporting individuals equality, treating a person equally, by including them in all group activities and encouraging individuals to express their views and opinions, by not treating anyone differently due to their background, ethnicity, culture, race, age, sexual orientation, personality, disability, religion, beliefs and gender and overall promoting good practice and prevent/stop the likelihood of abuse. When we work in an inclusive way we are openly communicating with people by, getting to know what their preferences are and building trust. When a person has someone they trust, they become less of a victim, less likely to be discriminated against. Discrimination can be challenged in adult social care settings by providing the appropriate training to make everyone aware of how to prevent and control discrimination.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

guilty as charged :: essays research papers

In William Goldings, The Lord of the Flies, an illegal killing took place. Unlawful homicides vary from First degree murder to Manslaughter. Second Degree, murder is a killing which is deliberate and planned in combination with felonies. When Piggy had gone to Castle Rock to retrieve his glasses, he ended fighting Jack. While the boys were disputing a rock was thrown at Piggy subsequently making him fall and die. Jack then proceeded to scream to Ralph that that’s what he deserved, approving Piggy’s murder. The Jury should find Jack Merridew guilty of Second Degree Murder in the death of Piggy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Granted, Jack Merridew himself did not kill Piggy; however, he did plan to kill anyone who was in his way when stealing Piggy’s glasses. â€Å"We’ll keep along the sands. Then if he comes, we’ll do our dance again† Jack had planned to kill Ralph, just like they killed Simon in their dance, if he meddled with his plans. Piggy just happened to be the one who interfered with Jack’s plans. Jack’s followers listened to what he said, and Roger rolled the rock at Piggy, killing him. Jack never really cared for Piggy from the start. He wanted him out of his way so he could become chief; he was the only thing that kept Ralph in charge. Jack would have done anything for that position, and Piggy interfered, which resulted in his murder. Jack did plan to kill someone, and Piggy happened to be first.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition, Jack treated Piggy with extreme cruelty. Jack's brutal behavior toward Piggy exposed his evil side. This could be why he wanted to kill him, as they began arguing since they had first met. Jack also felt a desire for power; Piggy would never grant him this supremacy, which led to violence either physically or verbally. After Jack let the fire go out, Piggy reprimanded him leading to frustration in Jack; â€Å"This from Piggy, and the wails of agreement from some of the hunters, drove Jack to violence. The bolting look came into his blue eyes. He took a step, and able at last to hit someone, stuck his fist into Piggy’s stomach † Jack could have hit anyone else but struck Piggy, showing his deep hatred for him. All Jack needed was the opportunity to kill Piggy, and he would have taken it just like when he punched him in the stomach.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Computer Programing Engineering

Why did I choose Computer Programing Engineering major? In today's world there exist all sorts of challenges to excite the keenest minds around its surroundings. To meet these challenges one would have to invent new techniques, new instruments and new approaches, which could easily open windows into the unknown area of nature and lead us to work at frontiers of science and contribute to world stock of knowledge. To compete with these scientific advances, engineering and scientific study are the key elements for a new innovation and research programs.My long term goal was to be a Computer engineer. The guy from a village that no one has heard of and who had to cross various paths and finally made it here and that person is me. This has been my childhood ambition to study for Computer engineer program. As I heard from my high school teachers, XYZ has the finest and excellent Computer engineering program in the country. My dream has certainly come alive; I am still studying and working hard to achieve my childhood dream. XYZ is an exemplary and a top standard university in State. I feel proud to be a student in this university.Before my day at this university, I came to see a significant amount about this field. I spoke with few modern Computer engineers, and asked them questions about their career. After spending time with those engineers, I came to realize that computer engineer are needed for various jobs all around the globe, and the work is tedious but in the end the computer engineers get paid hefty for their works. Most of the time computer engineers deal with designing and manufacturing memory systems, peripheral devices, and central processing units.Computers are part of our daily life. We use them from microwave machines to smart phones and including cars. This creates an enormous eccentric for production and manufacturing of new products all around the world. One of the best examples comes from the Apple Company, each time when a person uses his or her iPhone or iPad they see a little note at the bottom that says â€Å"the product was designed in California and manufactured in China†. This also brings the needs of every computer engineer for various jobs.A computer engineer could work with CAD for an auto company or establish a data room for the government buildings or simply create a website for someone’s needs. I choose Computer engineering as my major for many reasons. First, I am extremely innovative in subjects working with programing and fixing microprocessors, and I also adore in them. Second is due to the benefits of income and the prolonged need of computer engineers everywhere around the world today. After my graduation from here, I am hoping to have a job that will financially take care of me and also excite me every day about my work.I have also planned my goals for upcoming semesters in XYZ Computer program. I am looking forward towards all my classes and its activities and new subjects to study. In orde r to see my future in a better place, I have set my goals towards hard working in my life in here at XYZ, and hoping that after four more years I’ll finally have my goal achieved. Until then, I will keep my mind and body focused to the task at hand, so I have nothing to focus other than my studies. Computer Programing Engineering Why did I choose Computer Programing Engineering major? In today's world there exist all sorts of challenges to excite the keenest minds around its surroundings. To meet these challenges one would have to invent new techniques, new instruments and new approaches, which could easily open windows into the unknown area of nature and lead us to work at frontiers of science and contribute to world stock of knowledge. To compete with these scientific advances, engineering and scientific study are the key elements for a new innovation and research programs.My long term goal was to be a Computer engineer. The guy from a village that no one has heard of and who had to cross various paths and finally made it here and that person is me. This has been my childhood ambition to study for Computer engineer program. As I heard from my high school teachers, XYZ has the finest and excellent Computer engineering program in the country. My dream has certainly come alive; I am still studying and working hard to achieve my childhood dream. XYZ is an exemplary and a top standard university in State. I feel proud to be a student in this university.Before my day at this university, I came to see a significant amount about this field. I spoke with few modern Computer engineers, and asked them questions about their career. After spending time with those engineers, I came to realize that computer engineer are needed for various jobs all around the globe, and the work is tedious but in the end the computer engineers get paid hefty for their works. Most of the time computer engineers deal with designing and manufacturing memory systems, peripheral devices, and central processing units.Computers are part of our daily life. We use them from microwave machines to smart phones and including cars. This creates an enormous eccentric for production and manufacturing of new products all around the world. One of the best examples comes from the Apple Company, each time when a person uses his or her iPhone or iPad they see a little note at the bottom that says â€Å"the product was designed in California and manufactured in China†. This also brings the needs of every computer engineer for various jobs.A computer engineer could work with CAD for an auto company or establish a data room for the government buildings or simply create a website for someone’s needs. I choose Computer engineering as my major for many reasons. First, I am extremely innovative in subjects working with programing and fixing microprocessors, and I also adore in them. Second is due to the benefits of income and the prolonged need of computer engineers everywhere around the world today. After my graduation from here, I am hoping to have a job that will financially take care of me and also excite me every day about my work.I have also planned my goals for upcoming semesters in XYZ Computer program. I am looking forward towards all my classes and its activities and new subjects to study. In orde r to see my future in a better place, I have set my goals towards hard working in my life in here at XYZ, and hoping that after four more years I’ll finally have my goal achieved. Until then, I will keep my mind and body focused to the task at hand, so I have nothing to focus other than my studies.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Case Study Of The Jaipur Rail Project Environmental Sciences Essay

An efficient system of determination devising for sustainable socioeconomic development, with an effectual environmental direction of the beginnings of environmental impact and effects of such impacts, need to be put in topographic point in order to implement the authorities policy of environmental protection and safety at the regional degree. Sustainable development is the consequence of carefully incorporating environmental, economic and societal demands in the policy degree to accomplish both an increased criterion of life in the short term, and a net addition or equilibrium among human, natural and economic resources to back up future coevalss. This EIA survey is to set up present environmental conditions along the proposed Jaipur Metro Corridors: Predict the impacts on relevant environmental properties due to the building and operation of the proposed undertaking and urge equal extenuation steps to minimise / cut down inauspicious impacts. The information presented in this subdi vision is drawn from assorted beginnings such as studies, field studies and environment monitoring. Majority of informations on H2O quality, flora, air and noise quality was collected during field surveies in November 2009 to Feb. 2010. Furthermore, operational guidelines, monitoring, and station closing steps were suggested. The process followed and recommendations made by this survey may function as counsel for contrivers and determination shapers to carry on EIA for landfills under similar conditions. Cardinal words: EIA ( Environmental Impact Assessment ) , EPA ( Environmental Protection Act ) EPR ( Environmental Protection Regulation ) , EIS ( Environmental Impact Statement ) , EIA system and procedure. Introduction The chief purpose of the EIA survey is to set up present environmental conditions along the proposed jaipur tube corridors ; predict the impacts on relevant environmental properties due to the building and operation of the proposed undertaking and urge equal extenuation steps to minimize/reduce inauspicious impacts. The different constituents of environment in which alterations are likely to happen include H2O, land, air, ecology, noise, socio-economic issues, etc. The aims of the Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIA ) survey for the proposed Undertaking are to the elements of the environment probably to be affected by the proposed developments ; to set up the baseline environmental and societal scenario of the undertaking country ; to place and quantify emanation beginnings and find the significance of impacts on sensitive receptors, to foretell and measure environmental and societal impacts expected during the building and operation stages of the undertaking, to measure the sentiment of the populace as observed in the public hearing, including the suggestions given by the populace and the response of the undertaking governments, to develop extenuation steps so as to minimise pollution, environmental perturbation and nuisance during building and operations of the development, to plan and stipulate the monitoring demands necessary to guarantee the execution and the effectivity of the extenuation steps suggested and to work out the cost of envi ronmental extenuation and monitoring demands. The environment impact appraisal is normally carried out in eight stairss ; each of which has an equal importance in finding the overall public presentation of the undertaking. Location and Physical geography Jaipur popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital of Rajasthan. Jaipur is located at 26A °55aˆ?N 75A °49aˆ?Ei »? / i »?26.55A °N 75.52A °Ei »? / . It has an mean lift of 431A metres ( 1417A foot ) . The meteoric status prevailing at the undertaking path during the survey twelvemonth is given below in Table 1.All the monitoring station are selected with in 500 m from the path. Table 1: Meteorologic Data ( IMD ) Parameters Maximum Minimum Average Temperature 45.4EsC 5.0EsC 30EsC Relative Humidity 61 % 17 % 50.66 % Wind Speed 28 kmph 0 kmph 14.9 kmph Wind Direction Predominant air current way are NW and NE Rain––613.6 millimeter Beginning: IMD, Jaipur Fig.1. Proposed corridor Fig.2. Methodology of EIA Fig.3 Satellite map demoing monitoring station. Methodology: – The different constituents of environment in which alterations are likely to happen include H2O, land, air, ecology, noise, socio-economic issues, etc, hence all these parametric quantity are analyzed: – Land H2O and dirt analysis: – The groundwater and dirt quality in the survey country is reported to be good. However, laboratory analyses were done for a limited figure of samples, the inside informations of which are provided in Tables and 3 Air quality: – Degrees of SPM, RSPM are on the higher side for the sensitive countries. However SPM in Ajmeri gate is highest National Ambient Air Quality Standards. This is because of the highest traffic in the country. In the other countries besides the SPM are higher due to heavy traffic. Chand Pole is the busy country where one can see assorted residential and commercial land usage. Degrees of SO2 and NOX are good within the prescribed bounds of NAAQS at all receptors. Noise degree: – It can be observed that the noise degrees are good within the criterions. The twenty-four hours noise degree was found to be highest at Chand Pole Gate, which is one of the busiest intersections of the metropolis. Environmental Management Plan Based on the environmental baseline conditions, planned undertaking activities and its impact assessed, the set of steps to be taken during execution and operation to avoid, countervail inauspicious environmental impacts or to cut down them to acceptable degrees, together with the action which needs to be taken to be implemented are given in this subdivision. Conclusions & A ; Recommendations Based on undertaking specifics and bing environmental conditions possible impacts have been identified that are likely to ensue from the proposed undertaking and where possible these have been quantified in table 4. Harmonizing to study, about 1158 trees are likely to be lost due to the undertaking along the alliance. Ten times the figure of trees is proposed to be planted. Hence a 9000 workss are required to be planted in the undertaking country at a entire cost of Rs. 13 hundred thousand. It is presumed that authorities land will be provided for afforestation ; hence no land cost will be involved. The recommended works species for afforestation include Khejari, Castor, Roida ( sheesham ) , Khair, Kair, Harsingar, lemon, pepal, ber, babool, neem, sirus, ..gulmohar, arjun, papri, bottle brash, amla etc The public wellness installations such as H2O supply sanitation and lavatories are much needed at undertaking location. Water should be treated before usage upto WHO criterions. Properly designed rain H2O reaping systems will be installed at all Stationss to conserve H2O. There will be an addition in noise degree in ambient air due to building and operation of metro rail. The addition in degrees is fringy ; therefore local population will non be adversely affected. However, the exposure of workers to high noise degrees particularly near engine, blowhole shaft, etc. necessitate to be minimized. This can be achieved by occupation rotary motion, mechanization, protective devices, noise barriers, and soundproof compartments, control suites, etc. The workers employed in high noise degree country could be employed in low noise degree countries. Automation of equipment and machineries, wherever possible should be done to avoid uninterrupted exposure of workers to resound. At work topographi c points, where mechanization of machineries is non possible, the workers exposed to resound should be provided with protective devices. Particular acoustic enclosures should be provided for single noise bring forthing equipments, wherever possible. Vibration emanates from rail-wheel interaction and the same can be reduced by minimising surface abnormalities of wheel and rail, bettering path geometry, supplying elastic fasteners, and separation of rail place assembly from the concrete pedestal with interpolation of resilient and daze absorbing tablet.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Good Doctor

The Good Doctor The Good Doctor is a full-length play that exposes the ridiculous, tender, outlandish, ludicrous, innocent, and weird frailties of human beings. Each scene tells its own story, but the behavior of the characters and the resolutions of their stories are not typical or predictable. In this play, Neil Simon dramatizes short stories written by Russian author and playwright Anton Chekhov. Simon even gives Chekhov a role without specifically naming him; it is commonly accepted that the character of The Writer in the play is a quirky version of Chekov himself. Format The Good Doctor is not a play with a unified plot and sub-plot. Instead, it is a series of scenes that, when experienced one after another, give you a strong sense of Chekhov’s take on the human condition embellished by Simon’s wit and pithy dialogue. The Writer is the one unifying element in the scenes, introducing them, commenting on them, and occasionally playing a role in them. Other than that, each scene can (and often does) stand alone as its own story with its own characters. Cast Size When this play done in its entirety- 11  scenes- appeared on Broadway, five actors played all 28 roles. Nine roles are female and 19 are male roles, but in a few scenes, a female could play a character designated in the script as male. The scene breakdown below will give you a sense of all the roles in all the scenes. Many productions eliminate a scene or two because the action in one scene is unrelated to the action in another. Ensemble There are no ensemble moments in this play- no â€Å"crowd† scenes. Each scene is character-driven by the small number of characters (2 – 5) in each. Set The set needs for this play are simple, even though the action occurs in a variety of locales: seats in a theatre, a bedroom, a hearing room, a study, a dentist’s office, a park bench, a public garden, a pier, an audition space, and a bank office. Furniture can easily be added, struck, or rearranged; some big pieces- like a desk- can be used in several different scenes. Costumes While the character names and some of the language seem to insist that the action occurs in 19the century Russia, the themes and conflicts in these scenes are timeless and could work in a variety of locales and eras. Music This play is billed as â€Å"A Comedy with Music,† but except for the scene called â€Å"Too Late for Happiness† in which lyrics that the characters sing are printed in the text of the script, music is not imperative to the performance. In the script that I have- copyright 1974- the publishers offer a â€Å"tape recording of the special music for this play.† Directors can check to see whether such a tape or CD or electronic file of music is still offered, but the scenes can stand on their own without the specific music, in my opinion. Content Issues? The scene called â€Å"The Seduction† scenes deal with the possibility of infidelity in marriage, although the infidelity is unrealized. In â€Å"The Arrangement,† a father purchases the services of a woman for his son’s first sexual experience, but that too goes unrealized. There is no profanity in this script. The Scenes and Roles Act I â€Å"The Writer† The play’s narrator, the Chekhov character, welcomes the interruption of an audience for his stories in a two-page monologue. 1 male â€Å"The Sneeze† A man in a theatre audience lets loose a monstrous sneeze that sprays the neck and head of the man seated in front of him- a man who just happens to be his superior at work. It’s not the sneeze, but the man’s reparations that cause his eventual demise. 3 males,  2 females â€Å"The Governess† An officious employer unfairly subtracts and subtracts money from her meek governess’s wages. (To view a video of this scene, click here.) 2 females â€Å"Surgery† An eager inexperienced medical student wrestles with a man to yank his painful tooth out. 2 males â€Å"Too Late for Happiness† An older man and woman engage in small talk on a park bench, but their song reveals their inner thoughts and wishes. 1 male,  1 female â€Å"The Seduction† A bachelor shares his foolproof method of seducing other men’s wives with no direct contact until she is on her way into his arms. 2 males,  1 female Act II â€Å"The Drowned Man† A man finds himself agreeing to pay a sailor for the entertainment of watching the sailor jump in the water to drown himself. 3 males â€Å"The Audition† A young inexperienced actress annoys and then enchants the Voice in the darkness of the theatre when she auditions. 1 male,  1 female â€Å"A Defenseless Creature† A woman dumps her considerable woes on a bank manager with such vehemence and histrionics that he gives her money just to get rid of her. (To view a video of this scene, click here.) 2 males,  1 female â€Å"The Arrangement† A father negotiates a price with a woman to give his son his first sexual experience as a 19th birthday gift. Then he has second thoughts. 2 males,  1 female â€Å"The Writer† The play’s narrator thanks the audience for visiting and listening to his stories. 1 male â€Å"A Quiet War† (This scene was added following the first printing and production of the play.) Two retired military officers hold their weekly park bench meeting to continue discussing their disagreements. This week’s topic of conflict is the perfect lunch. 2 males YouTube offers  videos of a stage production of scenes from the play.

Monday, October 21, 2019

The Stranger is Meursaults Essays

The Stranger is Meursaults Essays The Stranger is Meursaults Paper The Stranger is Meursaults Paper Essay Topic: The Stranger In the two works, The Stranger, by Albert Camus, and Night, by Elie Wiesel, Death is portrayed differently, and this sheds light on the different attitudes toward death in French and Jewish societies. In order to compare these two works of literature, I will supply evidence of death in these two works of literature, and explain how the authors portray the instances of death in the two works and how the cultural background of each of the novels is reflected through the portrayal of death in the novels. In The Stranger, I will focus on the death of Meursaults mother, the death of the Arab that Meursault kills, and Meursaults own death. In Night, I will focus on the death of Elies father. In The Stranger, The death of Meursaults mother is one of the events central to the plot of the book. It is the first event mentioned in the book (and I mean the very first), and it is one of the reasons that the end of the book turns out the way that it does. Camus portrayal of Meursaults mothers, or Mamans, as she is affectionately entitled in the book, death is as if her death is a serious matter, but only a natural action that had to be done sometime. He does this by referring to Meursaults relatively apathetic reaction to his mothers death. In example, the very first line of the book reads Maman died today. Or yesterday, maybe, I dont know. This shows that Meursault doesnt really grieve about his mothers death, which is really because he is somewhat disillusioned with emotions altogether, but, to the reader, it connotes the idea that death isnt really that big of a deal. Because Meursault talks about events like his dinner that evening and what time he rode the bus to get to the nursing home, it shows that he didnt really care much about his mothers death. Camus uses that apathy that Meursault has to set a standard in the readers mind that death doesnt really matter all that much. Another example of death in The Stranger is Meursaults killing of the Arab. Meursault does not take the action of killing the Arab man seriously. In his action of killing the Arab, Meursault doesnt do it because he has any particular animosity towards the Arab, but because Raymond told him to, and he has no reason not to listen to Raymond. In example, When asked if he thinks Raymond should Let the Arab have it, Meursault says I thought that if I said no hed get himself all worked up and shoot for sure. All I said was He hasnt said anything yet. Itd be pretty lousy to shoot him like that. (56). This shows that Meursault wasnt really killing the Arab because he cared about the issue that Raymond was animate about; in fact, he didnt even really want the poor man to die. In the act of killing the Arab, Meursault doesnt talk about having a motive for his action, but instead blames it on physical stimuli. All I could feel were the cymbals of sunlight crashing on my forehead and, indistinctly, the dazzling spear flying up from the knife in front of me. The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes My whole being tensed and I squeezed my hand around the revolver. (59) This shows that Meursault didnt even really have an emotional or pre-cognized reason for killing the Arab, so the death of the Arab wouldnt mean all that much to him. Therefore, Camus is again using Meursaults reaction as an example of his reaction to death. The last example of death in The Stranger, or LEtranger is in Meursaults own execution and death.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

32 Patriotic Independence Day Quotes

32 Patriotic Independence Day Quotes It was a historic moment when Thomas Jefferson, along with other members of the Continental Congress, drafted the Declaration of Independence. The Continental Congress declared the people of America independent from the British colonies. It was the moment of truth all Americans had waited for. If the effort of severing ties from the British succeeded, the leaders of the movement would be hailed as true American heroes. However, if the effort failed, the leaders would be guilty of treason and face death. It was the clever wording of the Declaration of Independence, followed by some smart strategies employed by the leaders that sparked the Independence movement. What followed was a relentless power struggle to gain absolute independence from the British monarchy. July 4, 1776, was the historic day when the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence. Every year, Americans rejoice and celebrate Independence Day, or the 4th of July, with great fanfare. Amidst colorful parades, flag hoisting ceremonies, and barbecue parties, Americans remember the suffering their forefathers endured to win them precious freedom. Patriotic Quotes for Independence Day Erma Bombeck: You have to love a nation that celebrates its independence every July 4, not with a parade of guns, tanks, and soldiers who file by the White House in a show of strength and muscle, but with family picnics where kids throw Frisbees, the potato salad gets iffy, and the flies die from happiness. You may think you have overeaten, but it is patriotism.Adlai Stevenson: America is much more than a geographical fact. It is a political and moral fact the first community in which men set out in principle to institutionalize freedom, responsible government, and human equality.Elmer Davis: This nation will remain the land of the free only so long as it is the home of the brave.Joseph Addison: Let freedom never perish in your hands.Dwight D. Eisenhower: Freedom has its life in the hearts, the actions, the spirit of men and so it must be daily earned and refreshed - else like a flower cut from its life-giving roots, it will wither and die.George Bernard Shaw: Liberty is the breath of life to nations. Woodrow Wilson: The American Revolution was a beginning, not a consummation.Harry Emerson Fosdick: Liberty is always dangerous, but it is the safest thing we have.Ralph Waldo Emerson: For what avail the plough or sail, or land or life, if freedom fail?Daniel Webster: May the sun in his course visit no land more free, more happy, more lovely, than this our own country!John Dickinson: Then join hand in hand, brave Americans all!By uniting we stand, by dividing we fall.Hamilton Fish: If our country is worth dying for in time of war let us resolve that it is truly worth living for in time of peace.Benjamin Franklin: Where liberty dwells, there is my country.Thomas Paine: Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom, must, like men, undergo the fatigue of supporting it.-  Thomas Paine: In a chariot of light from the region of the day,The Goddess of Liberty cameShe brought in her hand as a pledge of her love,The plant she named Liberty Tree.He that would make his own liberty  Ã¢â‚ ¬â€¹secure,  must guard even his enemy from opposition; for if he violates this duty he establishes a precedent that will reach himself. Franklin D. Roosevelt: The winds that blow through the wide sky in these mounts, the winds that sweep from Canada to Mexico, from the Pacific to the Atlantic - have always blown on free men.James G. Blaine: The United States is the only country with a known birthday.Paul Sweeney: How often we fail to realize our good fortune in living in a country where happiness is more than a lack of tragedy.Hubert H. Humphrey: We need an America with the wisdom of experience. But we must not let America grow old in spirit.George Santayana: A mans feet must be planted in his country, but his eyes should survey the world.Bill Vaughan: A real patriot is the fellow who gets a parking ticket and rejoices that the system works.John Quincy Adams: All men profess honesty as long as they can. To believe all men honest would be folly. To believe none so is something worse.Aurora Raigne: America, for me, has been the pursuit and catching of happiness.Gerald Stanley Lee: America is a tune. It must be sung tog ether. Lee Greenwood: And Im proud to be an American, where at least I know Im free. And I wont forget the men who died, who gave that right to me.John F. Kennedy: And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.John F. Kennedy: Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and success of liberty.Oliver Wendell Holmes: One flag, one land, one heart, one hand, One Nation evermore!Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.: So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!Let freedom ring from the curva ceous peaks of California!But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee!Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi.From every mountainside, let freedom ring. Abraham Lincoln, The  Gettysburg Address, 1863: Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Analyzing a visual Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analyzing a visual Argument - Essay Example One ought to note that a considerable percentage of these outcomes are guided by the impression created by the advert. The assignment provides a comprehensive discussion on an advertisement on Land Rover 4 (LR4) which featured in the U.S News and World Report; Best Cars (usnews.rankingsandreviews.com). The paper gives a detailed description of the promotional presentation before analyzing its elements and assessing its effectiveness on the target audience. The advert featured a number of pictures of the LR4 from different angles. Since this was a promotional presentation, the advert also showed the SUV in different colors in a bid to capture the interest of color-specific clients. Also included in the advert were descriptions including fuel consumption, functionality, safety and pricing of the LR4. It is important to note that other vital information regarding the car like interior designs and number of seats available in the car also formed part of the advertisements. Despite there being a number of objects and details included in the advert, it is noteworthy that only countable objects were relevant in portraying the intended message to consumers. The initial picture one could derive from the advert was durability and a wide range of functionality. From the images of the car posted in the website, one could easily tell the type of car being advertised and the type of clientele that the advert intended to capture. Therefore, the advertisement served its purpose and was effective in capturing the concentration of the intended audience (Williamson, 2004). As already noted before, the advert comprised of a number of visual images of the LR4 car taken from different angles. In addition, the vehicle was features in different colors in the website. Pictures of the interior designs of the car also formed part of the promotional presentation. Car buyers are always particularly interested in the interior designs of their

Comparing the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Diplomatic Service Essay

Comparing the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Diplomatic Service and UK Diplomatic Service Regulations - Essay Example In this way, the major areas that will be discussed between these two code of laws revolve around the expectation of impartiality, receiving of gifts or other remunerations, the level to which the monitoring and/or implementation of successful agreements is performed, whether or not discrimination is a determinant compliments that requires elaboration and definition, the process and regulations regarding the acceptance of gifts, and the level and extent to which the sponsoring state is ultimately responsible for providing the needs and welfare of the employed individuals within the diplomatic services. One of the first and most blatant the differentials that is noted with regards to the law concerning the diplomatic services between Azerbaijan and the United Kingdom is with respect to the overall level of importance and time that the United Kingdom’s code of law gives towards the importance of impartiality. For instance, the United Kingdom specifies the following in DSR one se ction 3: â€Å"As a civil servant, you are appointed on merit on the basis of fair and open competition and are expected to carry out your role with dedication and a commitment to the Diplomatic Service and its core values: integrity, honesty, objectivity and impartiality† (Diplomatic Service Regulations, 2012, p. 5). Further section 3 of DSR 1 goes on to state that impartiality is defined as â€Å" acting solely according to the merits of the case and serving equally well Governments of different political persuasions (Ibid). Although there is not a specific section within the law governing the actions and expectations of the diplomatic service operating at the behest of Azerbaijan, article 4 subsection to denotes the following with regards to the expectation concerning proper behavior of diplomatic professionals: â€Å"Diplomatic service agencies may carry out other functions in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Azerbaijan† (Law of the Rep ublic of Azerbaijan, 2012, p. 2). Once again, a clear level of divergence is noted with respect to the fact that the laws governing diplomatic expectations within Azerbaijan deviate quite a bit from the law governing diplomatic expectations within the United Kingdom. Serving based upon impartiality is a fundamental construct of the UK law whereas serving in strict adherence and accordance with existing Azeri law and the Constitution serves as the regulatory framework and concern for the Azeri consular services. Another noted differential is with regards to the level and extent to which British law defines appropriate behavior and expected outcomes is with regards to what the regulations specific concerning appropriate remuneration and/or the acceptance/receipt of gifts. Whereas the British law allows for the receipt and acceptance of certain low monetary value gifts, special favors, discounts, or benefits of any other variety are strictly prohibited from being enjoyed by the individ ual employed by the diplomatic services. Although this is not to say that the receipt of gifts and or any level of persuasion/coercion on the part of a third-party is not specifically frowned upon within the regulations of consular and diplomatic conduct that had been laid out within the aforementioned case, no such specification of regulations

Friday, October 18, 2019

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Homework - Assignment Example Parametric cost estimation works for cost estimation because it is more accurate as compared to analogous cost estimation (Pinto 2010). Considering every unit is billed accordingly, a good project manager should have a rough idea of how long the project will take, if the project is billed with time, or how many people will undertake a certain project and how much each is paid, and therefore, depending on how close the estimation is, the accuracy presented by parametric estimation makes it very efficient, unlike analogous cost estimation. Bottom-up budgeting is very time consuming and takes away control of the top-level management (Pinto 2010). This may eventually lead to straying for the initial project goals. It is however very detailed covering a large chunk of the project details. Ultimately, Top-down budgeting is preferred as it gives control to the top management of the company, thus project goals are more often than not, met. Since it also draws on historical project cost, it takes much less time as compared to Bottom-up budgeting. It however can result in misunderstandings between the top, mid-level and lower-level management as it results in a zero-sum game, since managers would benefit from the loss of some of their

Facebook. What is the real true of founding Facebook Essay

Facebook. What is the real true of founding Facebook - Essay Example Facebook is one of the biggest web sites in the world and is visited by 400 million people a month.It made Mark Zuckerberg,its founder,one of the richest young men in the world.In the book â€Å"The Accidental Billionaires† and the movie â€Å"Social Network†,the story of how Zuckerberg gained five hundred million friends through Facebook but lost his best friend Edurado Saverin is portrayed. The story has many ups and downs, but is a truly fascinating one. Facebook has revolutionized the way that people communicate and interact in a social manner. In many ways, it has brought the world closer together. The fact that it destroyed so many friendships among those who created it is a very ironic fact. A great deal of attention has been paid to this issue, and for good reason: it is a highly dramatic one. In both the â€Å"Accidental Billionaires† and the â€Å"Social Network† the story is dramatized and presented for all to see. The reader and viewer comes to see how money got between friends and how ruthless business practices destroyed relationships. As Facebook got bigger, things became more complicated. Eduardo began trying to implement new business ideas without telling Mark. In one email exchange that has become public Mark wrote to Eduardo as follows: â€Å"You developed Joboozle knowing that at some point Facebook would probably want to do something with jobs. This was pretty surprising to us, because you basically made something on the side that will end up competing with Facebook and that's pretty bad by itself.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

The Relationship between Multinational Firms, the State and Essay

The Relationship between Multinational Firms, the State and Socio-Economic Development in the UK - Essay Example Most of the research work conducted did concentrate on the firm-level decisions regarding their FDI strategies but less time and resources have been devoted to the state level. It has been realized that a number of states such as the US have often attracted FDI through various tactics including reduction in taxation levels. The relationship between these multinationals and the State becomes very important in the success of both parties. Even though one would argue that the role of state in international business has been eroded by the development in globalization, this is still not the actual case on the ground. The nation state still has a crucial role to play and this is why its relationship with the multinationals is quite relevant (Henderson et al., 2002, pp.436-464). A number of reasons exist as to why most multinationals are tolerated. One of them is the mutual relationship that could emanate between the state and the multinational which further links it to the home state of th e multinational. In this case, a tripartite perspective could be established. The other reason is based on the social and economic developments that multinational companies do promote in the host country. These two reasons seem to underlie the basic intentions of the national governments in welcoming multinationals. This paper looks at the relationship between multinational firms, the state and socio-economic development in the UK as a case study. Analysis Multinational firms and the UK state The relationship between nation states and multinationals is one that has been characterised with juxtaposed needs or interests. Each seems to be pulling towards its side. The state is territorially defined and has well-defined political systems which provide the necessary framework for economic, social, political and cultural activities of those acting domestically and pursuing the interests of the nation (Dunn, 1994, pp.3-8). On the other hand, multinationals are interested in expanding their individual operations irrespective of the boundaries set by the state and have to cope with a number of political, economic, cultural and social conditions that exist in those acquired markets and they are always driven by private interests, which are usually founded on economy of scale, global trends in economy, and effective management of international operations. Existence of negotiated relationships between these two opposing parties merges their needs and ensures a win-win outcome (Kay, 2002, pp.1073-1102). Democratic political institutions have the capacity to establish policies that are market-friendly. The peace that exists in states links these democratic institutions to more credible levels of international systems. These mechanisms provide better playing grounds for multinationals in the long run. On this point, the institutional based checks as well as balances, which could be linked to democratic systems usually, reduce the possibility of reversing the policies made an d thus providing the multinational companies with the de facto commitment to the stability of these policies (Iet to-Gillies, 2002, pp.43-54). Stable policies ensure that multinational are given a friendlier environment where they can forecast their needs for budgeting in relation to the upcoming economic scenarios as well as tax schedules, make critical managerial decisions that are able to respond to macro-economic predictions, and also eventually hedge against risks associated

Assisted suicide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Assisted suicide - Research Paper Example In physician-assisted suicide, the physician prescribes the lethal dose, knowing the patient intends to end their life. The argument in favor of euthanasia usually justifies itself by citing compassion for the pain and suffering of terminally ill or respect for â€Å"patient autonomy.† (Hendin, 2004). The online Medical Dictionary defines â€Å"patient autonomy† as: â€Å"Patient Autonomy: The right of patients to make decisions about their medical care without their health care provider trying to influence the decision. Patient autonomy does allow for health care providers to educate the patient but does not allow the health care provider to make the decision for the patient.† These two bases are often made ineffective. The physician may have the best intentions in their heart for the patient and yet harm the patient unknowingly. And on the other side, patient autonomy is useless if the patients are not made aware of the options available to them by a physician who is trained to do so. Although it might be true that the concerned physician is indeed compassionate to his or her patient’s needs, it is also possible that the physician does not know best. It has often been seen that due to lack of experience or skill, the physician has misdiagnosed the patient’s illness and perhaps sent someone who could have been cured to his or her death. This argument is meant to be an assertion of the patient’s right to choose death over life. But can any member of society, one who is inextricably connected to other members of the society, really be allowed to exercise their freedom of choice in any manner they choose? If that was true, it would be completely acceptable for us to say, murder our neighbor just because we chose to. In its favor, Peter Rogatz in â€Å"The Positive Virtues of Physician-Assisted Suicide† states that human dignity is often at stake for patients. Even if they are not terminally ill or are not suffering from

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

The Relationship between Multinational Firms, the State and Essay

The Relationship between Multinational Firms, the State and Socio-Economic Development in the UK - Essay Example Most of the research work conducted did concentrate on the firm-level decisions regarding their FDI strategies but less time and resources have been devoted to the state level. It has been realized that a number of states such as the US have often attracted FDI through various tactics including reduction in taxation levels. The relationship between these multinationals and the State becomes very important in the success of both parties. Even though one would argue that the role of state in international business has been eroded by the development in globalization, this is still not the actual case on the ground. The nation state still has a crucial role to play and this is why its relationship with the multinationals is quite relevant (Henderson et al., 2002, pp.436-464). A number of reasons exist as to why most multinationals are tolerated. One of them is the mutual relationship that could emanate between the state and the multinational which further links it to the home state of th e multinational. In this case, a tripartite perspective could be established. The other reason is based on the social and economic developments that multinational companies do promote in the host country. These two reasons seem to underlie the basic intentions of the national governments in welcoming multinationals. This paper looks at the relationship between multinational firms, the state and socio-economic development in the UK as a case study. Analysis Multinational firms and the UK state The relationship between nation states and multinationals is one that has been characterised with juxtaposed needs or interests. Each seems to be pulling towards its side. The state is territorially defined and has well-defined political systems which provide the necessary framework for economic, social, political and cultural activities of those acting domestically and pursuing the interests of the nation (Dunn, 1994, pp.3-8). On the other hand, multinationals are interested in expanding their individual operations irrespective of the boundaries set by the state and have to cope with a number of political, economic, cultural and social conditions that exist in those acquired markets and they are always driven by private interests, which are usually founded on economy of scale, global trends in economy, and effective management of international operations. Existence of negotiated relationships between these two opposing parties merges their needs and ensures a win-win outcome (Kay, 2002, pp.1073-1102). Democratic political institutions have the capacity to establish policies that are market-friendly. The peace that exists in states links these democratic institutions to more credible levels of international systems. These mechanisms provide better playing grounds for multinationals in the long run. On this point, the institutional based checks as well as balances, which could be linked to democratic systems usually, reduce the possibility of reversing the policies made an d thus providing the multinational companies with the de facto commitment to the stability of these policies (Iet to-Gillies, 2002, pp.43-54). Stable policies ensure that multinational are given a friendlier environment where they can forecast their needs for budgeting in relation to the upcoming economic scenarios as well as tax schedules, make critical managerial decisions that are able to respond to macro-economic predictions, and also eventually hedge against risks associated

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Silence of The Lambs Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Silence of The Lambs Research - Essay Example However, this involves a greater effort and hard work from the whole team working at the project, as the technique of writing a novel is very different from the usual movie scripts, and directors have to be very careful about handling the story. It is a dangerous gamble, and very risky. More than often a movie fails just because the director did not provide that flow to it that should keep the audience on the edge of their seats, a very important factor in the success of any movie, or because the proper treatment was not given to the storyline. The genres that have proven to be the most grossing at the box office have been horror and thrillers_ action, suspense, and mystery inclusive, as they provide that crucial adrenaline shots to the audiences and find a common pulse with them, giving them a chance to escape into the world of fantasy and reel life, and an opportunity to unwind. A recent addition to this genre is the concept of psychological thrillers. For long film makers have relied on camera tricks and special effects, and costumes and scary background score when it comes to horror movies as the sole technique of being true to this category. Sometimes, theological themes and fantasized versions of mystical stories are woven into the plot to make it sound more believable and so more scary. The exorcist was and still is to this day the pinnacle of success in this regard, and still stands out to be the top most name in the list of scary movies of all times. But psychological thrillers bring in something more to horror than just the monsters; they bring to it the human factor. Audience worldwide have the tendency to relate to stories that are more in synch with their emotions, thinking patterns and psychology, and touch upon the matters of the human soul and spiritual development of people. Movies that explore this aspect hold a special place in the history of cinema. Weave it together with the essence of horror and suspense, and you have the perfect blend of cinematic taste that will be intensely savored by the audience, given that it is handled very sensitively and extremely carefully, for as much as it is the formula of success, if negligence be a part of it, it can fall flat on its face in the box office. Case in point of an all time success is the movie The Silence of the Lambs. In the winter of 1991 came a movie that went on to be nominated for scores of awards and claimed many accolades, a proof of its tremendous success. The distributors were the Orion Pictures, and the director was Jonathan Demme. The cast was an impressive combination of

Monday, October 14, 2019

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Essay In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck faces many obstacles running away from his dad because he is accompanied by Jim, who is a run away nigger. While on their cruise they encounter a â€Å"duke† and a â€Å"king,† who only seem to bring them even more trouble, and later Huck meets his long time friend Tom. Throughout the whole story Huck faces different inner arguments over how things should be done to overcome a problem. One of them is when Huck leaves to the little village around Pikesville with the duke. He later returns to the raft to take off but he notices that Jim is no where to be found. Huck finds a boy around the area and the boy explains that some guy named Phelps has found a run away nigger (which is Jim) and plans on returning it for the cash reward. Later Huck gets into a big fuss about if it’s best for him to tell Miss Watson about where Jim is located. Huck evaluates the situation and determines that if he does write to Miss Watson, Jim would benefit in the way that he would rather be a slave at home close to his family than become a slave at Pikesville; but Huck would also be relieved of his sin of doing something wicked from the beginning and not ending up in the everlasting fire but clearing his conscious to the point were God will forgive him. Huck is appealing to pathos by expressing his thoughts when he says, â€Å" I was letting on to give up sin, but away inside of me I was holding on to the biggest one of all. † (Pg.190) In this phrase Huck reveals that he knows that he was doing wrong all along and was willing to give it up but his sin was more within him. His conscious was telling him he must do the right thing aside from what he thought was fair. Though if he does tell Miss Watson where Jim there may be some consequences. First of all, Miss Watson may be mad at Jim for running away and end up selling him or she might keep him but everyone would despite him for what he did. Secondly, Jim described Huck as his only friend who had saved him from some white men by telling them about smallpox. This may cause the friendship to brake and hatred to arise between them. Lastly, Huck would be looked upon disgrace for helping a nigger run away from his owner. This side of Huck is appealing to ethos by expressing, â€Å"That’s just the way: a person does a low-down thing, and then he don’t want to take no consequences of it. Thinks as long as he can hide, it ain’t no disgrace. †(Pg. 189) This shows how Huck is credible by explaining that doing something wrong is nothing to be proud of and hiding it isn’t going to take the wrongness from it. The argument is effective because it is a very important situation in the novel. It’s a turning point on how the story takes Huck on â€Å"stealing† the nigger again. Huck then decides it is best to not tell Miss Watson but for him to take his own action on setting him free again. Even though Huck understands the other point of view he sees, he determines that it is much better to lay low and not tell anyone. The side of Huck that says he shouldn’t announce where Jim is been kept is been more rational because he explains how Jim and him wouldn’t benefit in the long run and just defame themselves. The effect over the argument is that Huck decides to find a plan to set free Jim for them to run away together once again. Another inner self argument is brought upon when the king and the duke put on a â€Å"show† to the little town in Arkansaw and get $465. This causes the uneasiness of Jim and Huck. Huck then tries to find a way to get rid of the duke and king and confess to the town’s people that they are frauds. Once again, Huck gets stuck on what would be the right way to tell on these guys. If Huck decides to tell on the duke/king he will leave happiness to the town’s people by not letting them be fooled any longer and getting them arrested for Huck and Jim to leave in peace. Huck could also steal the money from them and give it back to Mary Jane and leading them on to stay and try to get the remaining money for them not to leave empty handed as said in page 158, â€Å"They’ve got a good thing here, and they ain’t a-going to leave till they’ve played this family and this town for all they’re worth. † From this phrase we can see Huck appealing to logos because he is been critical to how the men are going to react if he would steal the money from them. In the controversy, if Huck decides to tell the doctor or Mary Jane about the situation the outcome may not be the best. If Huck tells the doctor the king or the duke could ask who told him and the doctor would blame Huck and the frauds would hate him for it and cause even more problems. Now if he were to tell Mary Jane the frauds would suspect something and leave with the money and even if Mary Jane asked for help Huck would be involved in this mess. Huck is in this hand, appealing to ethos when he says, â€Å"Her face would give them a hint, sure; they’ve got the money, and they’d slide right out and get away with it,† showing how it’s reasonable that when your about to get caught with something people tempt to run away to get away with things because they know it’s not right. The argument is effective because Huck is been reasonable by knowing that the best thing to do is to bust these thief’s and not cause more pain to the family of Mary Jane. Huck see’s both points of views in order to work things right; enough to get the frauds arrested and not causing himself any trouble. The effect of the argument is that he tells Mary Jane the truth and plans out a way for the duke/king to get caught and Jim and him to leave without no fault. Mark Twains overall argument is that society has based things from right and wrong, but sometimes what’s right may not always be right but wrong. It’s this Right vs. Wrong kind of theme, were right is wrong and wrong is right in some cases. For example, it is bad in Huck’s society to be friends with a Negro but it is right to be friends with Jim because race shouldn’t matter since we are all equal. Another example provided in the novel was when it was said to be right to turn in Jim to her owner, Miss Watson, but it is bad to do so because every man deserves to be free. In this novel Huck is been attacked with many issues such as racism, friendship, war, religion, equality, freedom, and determination. Every decision made was a struggle between Hucks mind on what was best to be done over a conflict.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Environmental awareness any effect on this relationship

Environmental awareness any effect on this relationship INTRODUCTION The world is currently facing complex environmental problems that have resulted in environmental degradation. Western studies have evidenced that consumers in the USA and Western Europe have grown more environmentally conscious in the 1990s (Curlo E., 1999). Recently, green consumerism has started to gradually emerge in the Asian regions in a significant manner (Gura˘u, C. et al, 2005) Supporters of environmental protection tend to be younger in age (Martisons et al, 1997). Given the anticipated life span of this age group, the cultivation of its green purchasing behaviour may go a long way in reinforcing behavioural commitment for the next few generations, especially in the developing Asian economies, where a surge in income and purchasing power seems to be in the making. India, one of the biggest economies of the world and a growing economic powerhouse of Asia, suffers from dangerously high levels of air pollution, poor water quality, high levels of exposure to severe traffic noise and high levels of garbage disposal. Compared with what has been happening in the West, consumers in India are just at the stage of green awakening. The use of eco-friendly products is still not very prevalent in the country, though there seems to be a huge potential for such goods in the country. Our research is based on the consumer behaviour towards environmental-friendly products. We have studied the impact of attitude towards eco-friendly products on purchasing behaviour, and whether environmental awareness has any effect on this relationship. LITERATURE REVIEW Environment consciousness, environmental responsibility, â€Å"going green† and so on. These are the terms in which marketers are increasingly talking about, and selling, their products today. The subject of ‘Environment is attracting interest of the marketers, and this is not really a new phenomenon. It has been doing the rounds since the early 1970s. A plethora of products have been launched with the ‘eco-friendly tag. Various studies have looked into the relationship between environment and marketing (Kassarjian, 1971, Kinnear et al, 1974 and Fisk, 1973). Marketers are interested to know how much premium a consumer is willing to pay for buying an eco-friendly product. This type of consumer behaviour is primarily influenced by a persons attitude and awareness. However, not all regions have been successfully studied for the impact of such attitude and awareness. International green marketers have expressed that the unavailability of market information in Asian countries often becomes a major hindrance to the success of international expansion of their green products (Gura˘u, C. et al, 2005). Many international green marketers have failed to implement effective market segmentation in their overall marketing strategies due to insufficient information in Asian countries (Keegan et al, 2000). A topic which has not been properly explored is young consumers green buying behaviours and factors that affect such behaviour. Young adults constitute a large citizen group and have the potential for a powerful collective force in society for environmental protection. Past studies have found that young people are more willing than older generations to accept new and innovative ideas (Ottman et al, 2006). ECO FRIENDLY ATTITUDE The past few decades have seen a phenomenal rise in environmental concerns. Concern for the environment has increased significantly, and, at the same time, peoples values and attitudes towards nature has changed substantially. Studies conducted in different countries have showed an awakening interest in green products or increase in environmentally friendly attitudes (Barber, 2010). Environmental concern transformed into the specific activity of Green Consumerism emerged in the latter half of the 1980s. Surveys show that there has been a permanent change in the attitude of consumers. One of the functions of knowledge is to help maintain a strong attitude. Attitude is typically considered strong when it is resistant to change and persistent over time. Thus, knowledgeable people with a strong attitude are careful, expert processors of information. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS The level of awareness influences the attitude and behaviour associated with green consumerism (Mittal, 1989). Recent researches suggest awareness in terms of their extent to which the consumer views the product itself as an important decision making variable affecting environmental behaviour (Dodd et al, 2005, Kolyesnikova et al, 2009 and Yuan et al, 2005). Another study has conveyed that an important component of environmental conscious consumer behaviour is the need for more information to be revealed about the relationship between products and the environment (Peattie, 1985). Increased awareness with green information sources has been shown to influence consumer purchasing decisions (Peattie, 1995). Americans have begun to develop an environmentally-conscious mind-set, with half of them saying that they do not have the information needed to be involved in increasing green behaviour and are less knowledgeable about which products and packaging materials are recyclable (GFK, 2007). A study conducted to examine the awareness and attitude of Zambian farmers towards environmental degradation and the relationships of these with a set of beliefs used to evaluate their perceived capacity and take corrective action towards improving the environment showed that awareness of environmental degradation is significant in depicting environmental self-efficacy and behaviour (ÃŽ ²=0.38; p ECO-FRIENDLY BEHAVIOUR The findings of several studies reinforce the notion that Proactive Environmental Behaviour, like most other behaviours, is to a large extent situation-specific (Roozen and Pelsmacker, 1998). By studying Danish consumers buying organic products, it was found out that there is a relationship between values, environmental attitudes and consumer behaviour (Grunert Juhl, 1995 cited by Bjà ¶rk 1995: 66). However, the correlation between such attitude and consumer behaviour is not always high. In geographical studies it has also become evident that environmental knowledge is not something that explains ‘spatial behaviour. This is explained by saying that behaviour is influenced by intentions, which are in turn influenced by attitudes, and further which are influenced by beliefs about social norms (Whalmsley Lewis, 1993). Hence, attitude is just one factor among others influencing consumer behaviour. In case of many consumers, preferences for environmental amenities are exhibited either directly through polls and surveys or indirectly by participating in outdoor activities, environmental organizations or causes, undertaking conservation, recycling, or other stewardship activities (Torgler et al., 2008). At the same time it was also being suggested that the complexity of environmental knowledge on attitude can affect purchase behaviour, whereby the more knowledge a consumer has about an issue and a product the better the attitude predicts the willingness to purchase (Frick et al. (2004), Krarup and Russell, 2005) HYPOTHESIS In existing literature, environmental attitude is commonly understood as a cognitive judgment towards the value of environmental protection. Contrasting results have been found between environmental attitude and behaviour. While some researchers have claimed a positive correlation between environmental attitude and environmental behaviour (Kotchen and Reiling, 2000), others have concluded that the relationship is either moderate or tenuous (Davis, 1995). The contradictory results in studies of the relationship between environmental attitude and behaviour suggest that further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between environmental attitude and behaviour. Thus, based on the view in majority of the literature reviewed, our hypothesis is: h3 :Eco friendly attitude positively impacts eco friendly behaviour. Though it has been debated whether awareness affects attitude or attitude affects awareness. But it is important to note that after developing an attitude, the awareness in terms of recognizing and observing different things about the topic comes into picture. This is especially valid for a country like India where these things are increasingly gaining understanding. Let us understand the impact of attitude on awareness through this simple example. A student has a class on environmental issues. To be specific, the teacher discusses an example of how pesticides enter the human body through food consumption and organic foods can help in reducing these toxic levels and lead to a healthy living. The student develops a positive attitude towards organic foods because of this knowledge. This positive attitude will lead to him subconsciously noting organic foods when in the superstore. This is what awareness is. Eco friendly attitude has an impact on the level of environmental awareness. Thus, based on the literature, our hypothesis is: H2 :A positive attitude towards the environment will positively impact the level of environmental awareness. Eco friendly behaviour is defined to the consumption of products that are beneficial to the environment (Mostafa, 2007). Past studies have examined what factors affect environmental behaviour in general (Johnson et al., 2004). According to these studies, environmental awareness can be an important factor towards determining eco friendly behaviour. (Chan, 2001). From the aforementioned, our hypothesis is: H3 :Environmental awareness positively impacts eco friendly behaviour. In this study we intend to explore the relationship between eco friendly attitude and behaviour. It has been generally seen that though environmental attitude is fairly high now, eco friendly behaviour does not show such high levels. This has been referred to as the attitude behaviour gap. (Alwitt and Pitts, 1996). Many studies have been conducted to explore this gap and what variables can be used to explain this. Environmental awareness is one of those variables. (Chan, 2001) This study explores the concept of environmental awareness as a factor that mediates the impact of attitude on behaviour. With reference to these literary studies, our hypothesis is: H4:Environmental Awareness mediates the relationship between eco friendly attitude and eco friendly behaviour. Certain literary works have evidenced that women reported significantly more participation in general environmental behaviour and specific green consumption than men (Maineri, 1997). Certain sample studies of western countries have shown that females express more positive attitudes towards the environment than males do (Tikka, 2007). Additional evidence also provides that women report stronger environmental attitudes than men across age and across 14 countries (Argentina, Canada, Columbia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, the United States and Venezuela) (Zelezny, 2000). A recent research conducted also claimed that female adolescent consumers scored significantly higher in environmental attitude (Lee, 2009). Equal numbers of males and females expressed a positive attitude towards organic foods according to study by (Dahm, Samonte and Shows, 2009). This finding varies somewhat from the literature, which identifies female s as being more aware and having stronger attitudes about organic foods. Based on these literatures, we have stated the hypothesis by breaking it into three sub-hypotheses: H5/A: The impact of eco friendly attitude on environmental awareness is more in case of Indian female consumers than their male counterparts. H5/B: The impact of environmental awareness on eco friendly behaviour is more in case of Indian female consumers than their male counterparts. H5/C: The impact of eco friendly attitude on eco friendly behaviour is more in case of Indian female consumers than their male counterparts. RESEARCH DESIGN METHODS OPERATIONALIZATION OF CONSTRUCTS AND VARIABLES The figure shows a diagrammatic representation of our research model. The definition of each of the constructs according to our interpretation is mentioned below. ECO-FRIENDLY ATTITUDE (EFA) Eco-friendly attitude (EFA) aims to measure the cognitive judgment of the respondent towards the value of environmental protection. It is the prerequisite to eco-friendly behavior (EFB). This is because the person should exhibit some environment friendly attitude before he takes definite steps towards improving the environment thus is considered as the independent construct in the model. ECO-FRIENDLY BEHAVIOR (EFB) Eco-friendly behavior (EFB) measures respondents readiness to take specific actions for environmental protection. These include consumers willingness to buy organic products, products which are certified ‘environmentally-safe. High eco-friendly attitude may or may not lead to eco-friendly behavior and hence latter forms the dependent construct under study. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS (EA) Environmental awareness/consciousness (EA) measures the awareness level of the respondent about environment and current environmental problems. A person with high environmental awareness realizes that an effort is required, both at an individual level and organization level, to improve general environmental conditions. GENDER The variable gender has been obviously taken into two categories male and female. SAMPLE Content Validity was performed on the questionnaire before floating it to the sample respondents. The questionnaire was administered to eminent faculty of XLRI Jamshedpur and two social entrepreneurs. An email with the link to the survey was sent across along with a document explaining the constructs used. The explanation consisted of a small definition. The document also explained the research model and the hypotheses under test. Then a sample of 180 students in the age group 20-30 years, doing a post graduate course in Business management or equivalent participated in a questionnaire which inquired about their attitude towards the environment, awareness and purchasing behavior regarding eco-friendly products. The sample consisted of 102 male and 78 female respondents. The questionnaire was administered through the Internet and responses were directly received. MEASURES For the purpose of Content validity questions were asked in the following format: â€Å"I often buy products that are labelled as environmentally safe† measures Eco friendly Behaviour on a 5 point Likert scale. Yes No Cant Say For actual analysis constructs were measured by a five point Likert scale wherein respondents were asked to mark their responses from 1 (‘‘Strongly Disagree or ‘‘Not at all ) to 5 (‘‘Strong Agree or ‘‘definitely). The scores in each of the constructs was a direct sum of all the individual items ECO-FRIENDLY ATTITUDE (EFA) Respondents eco-friendly attitude was measured with a five-point Likert scale (1 indicates ‘‘Strongly Disagree 5 ‘‘Strong Agree) developed by Sweeney et al. (2001). The scale had 7 items. A sample item is ‘‘It is very important to raise environmental awareness among Indians. ECO-FRIENDLY BEHAVIOR (EFB) Respondents eco-friendly behavior was measured with a five-point likert scale (1 indicates ‘‘Strongly Disagree 5 ‘‘Strong Agree) developed by Sweeney et al. (2001). The scale had 6 items. A sample item is ‘‘I often buy products which are labelled environmentally safe. Items 2, 4, 5 and 6 are reverse coded and hence these items are added after subtracting them from 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS/CONSCIOUSNESS (EA) Respondents environmental awareness was measured with a five-point Likert scale (1 indicates ‘‘Not at all 5 ‘‘definitely) developed by Vlosky et al. (1999). The scale had 5 items. A sample item is ‘‘I believe that environmental information on packaging is important. Gender was directly measured from a single question. The entire questionnaire is presented in Appendix A. ANALYSIS We have first of all conducted a reliability test for each of the three scales. Then for the purpose of our mediation analysis we have used a four step method that was developed by Kenny et al. (1998) and Baron and Kenny (1986) for the purpose of mediation analysis. This consists of four steps. In the first step we have used Eco Friendly Attitude as the independent variable to predict the dependent variable Eco Friendly Behaviour using linear regression. In the second step we have used Eco Friendly Attitude as the independent variable and used it to regress Environmental Awareness. The third step comprises of regressing Eco Friendly Behaviour using Environmental Awareness as the predictor variable. The final step comprises of regressing Eco Friendly Behaviour using both Eco Friendly Attitude and Environmental Awareness to determine the mediating effect of Environmental Awareness. RESULTS Content Validity reports showed that out of the 5 respondents, not more than 1 objected to the essentiality of any question out of the 17 questions in the survey. Hence none of the questions was discarded on those grounds. Reported in Table1 are the means, SD, correlations and internal consistency measure (Cronbachs ÃŽ ±). From the table we can clearly see that EA and EFB are very strongly correlated with each other. Even both of these are correlated with EFA but the extent of correlation of EFA is comparatively lower with EA and even lower with EFB hinting at a possible mediation of the EFA and EFB relation by EA. But a conclusive decision regarding the mediation can only be taken after we perform regression analysis for the same. Table 1: Means, SDs, correlations and Cronbachs ÃŽ ±. S. No. Variables Mean SD 1 2 3 Alpha (ÃŽ ±) 1 Eco Friendly Attitude 27.19 3.77 0.752 2 Environmental Awareness 19.52 3.7 0.606 0.797 3 Eco Friendly behaviour 18.89 4.47 0.457 0.738 0.847 Going forward, the regression analysis is presented in Table 2. In the first step we regress for EFB using EFA as a predictor or independent variable. The results show that the impact of EFA on EFB is significant (since p In the second step we regressed for EA using EFA as a predictor or independent variable. The results show that EFA significantly impacted EA (since p In the third step we regressed for EFB using the mediating variable EA as a predictor variable. The results again show a significant relation between the two which shows that the mediating variable here is significantly related to the criterion variable. Thus Hypothesis 3 is supported. In the final step we regressed for EFB using both EA and EFA as predictor variables to comment on mediation effect. EFA significantly affected EFB and EA as seen in step 1 and 2 but became non-significantly related to EFB in this step (p=0.795>>0.01). The same is emphasized by the fact that the significance of the impact of EA on EFB is still significant (p=0.000). Hence this shows complete mediation of the relation between EFA and EFB by EA. The mediation effect comes to 0.440 for EFA for its relationship with EFB. The Z-score using the Sobel calculator turns out to be 7.63 which is much greater than 1.96. Hence the mediation is significant at 1% level of significance (two-tailed). Hence hypothesis 4 is supported. Table 2: Regression Analysis Results for measuring the mediation effect. R ² Unstandardized ÃŽ ² Standardized ÃŽ ² Significance Change in ÃŽ ² Step 1 0.209 0.542 0.457 0.000 Step 2 0.367 0.594 0.606 0.000 Step 3 0.545 0.893 0.738 0.000 Step 4 0.545 0.88 0.728 0.000 Step 4 0.545 0.02 0.017 0.795 0.44 Once the mediation analysis is completed we now move to analysis of another important part of our model which is moderation of the relationships between EFA, EA and EFB by gender. Table 3 shows the regression re-performed separately for the male and the female samples. The mediation analysis again is shown to be significant in both the cases taken separately as seen from the fact that the first three relations are significant and in the step 4, the relation between EA and EFB is still significant showing that full mediation exists. The mediation effect turns out to be 0.62 in case of females and 0.322 in case of males. The Z-score comes to 6.38 in case of females and 4.57 in case of males. This shows that the mediation is significant in both the cases. Table 3: Regression Analysis Results for measuring the mediation effect (Female/Male). R ² Unstandardized ÃŽ ² Standardized ÃŽ ² Significance Change in ÃŽ ² Step 1 0.315/0.144 0.719/0.424 0.561/0.379 0.000/0.000 Step 2 0.519/0.262 0.839/0.427 0.720/0.512 0.000/0.000 Step 3 0.670/0.433 0.900/0.883 0.818/0.657 0.000/0.000 Step 4 0.671/0.435 0.947/0.844 0.861/0.628 0.000/0.000 Step 4 0.671/0.436 (-)0.076/0.064 (-)0.059/0.057 0.537/0.516 0.62/0.322 The standardized ÃŽ ² coefficient is shown for all the relationships in our model in the Figure 1 for both the male and the female set of respondents. The standardized coefficient clearly shows that for female respondents the impact of EFA on EFB is substantially higher than in the case of male respondents. The same is observed in case of the relationship between EFA and EA as well as between EA and EFB. Hence Hypothesis 5(a), 5(b) and 5(c) are supported. the Male/ Female set of respondents. DISCUSSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The study conducted above analyzed the impact of Eco Friendly Attitude on Eco Friendly Behaviour and mediation of the relationship by Environmental Awareness in the context of the Indian youth studying in the post graduate schools of the country. Very little study, if any, has been conducted on this topic in the Indian Context so much so that only in 2009 has research started in Asia-Pacific by Kaman Lee (2009) on the same. This report provides a valuable insight into the topic for marketers as well as for future studies conducted in India. As can been seen from the analysis conducted above Eco Friendly Attitude seems to have a positive impact on Eco Friendly Behaviour which is consistent with the study conducted by Kotchen and Reiling (2000). This is very logical in the sense that people with a favourable attitude towards eco friendly products can be expected to have eco friendly behaviour even in spite of the extra price may be monetary or opportunistic that they have to pay for such behaviour. To have a better understanding of the topic we introduced Environmental Awareness as another construct and tried to find its role as a mediator. The first conclusion that came out of the same was that an Eco Friendly Attitude would imply a higher Environmental Awareness. This is in direct agreement to the study conducted by Mittal (1989). The logic behind the same is that an attitude would act as a motivation for them to learn more about these products hence increasing their awareness. The next conclusion that comes directly from the results is that Environmental Awareness leads to Eco Friendly Behaviour. This is again consistent with the study conducted by Chan (2001). This makes sense because people with more awareness about eco friendly products can be expected to have favourable purchasing behaviour towards the same. The results also establish the mediation of the relation between Eco Friendly Attitude and Eco Friendly Behaviour is being mediated by Environmental Awareness which is consistent with the studies conducted by Alwitt and Pitts (1996). This stresses on the importance of bringing about awareness about Eco Friendly Products among consumers. The conclusion that can be drawn here is that awareness about these products is more important than only an attitude towards the same. The results also show gender specific implications for each of these relationships. From the analysis for female consumers impact of attitude on behaviour seems to be higher which is in direct accordance with the study conducted by various authors like Maineri (1997) etc. mentioned in the literature review. The same is true to the other two relationships between Eco Friendly Attitude Environmental Awareness and between Environmental Awareness and Eco Friendly Behaviour. This makes sense because prominently household purchasing is done by females and hence there is a higher probability of attitude being converted to purchasing behaviour. Again females have been seen to exhibit more seriousness towards such issues as expressed in the literature review and hence the case. India is set to see a substantial increase in the market for eco friendly products. The study has great relevance for Indian marketers because this study emphasizes on the fact that awareness plays a key role in behaviour. This is a positive boost to the importance of environment awareness campaigns in bringing about eco friendly behaviour. This justifies the use of such campaigns in the drive for to create a host of environment friendly consumers. The fact that the impact of such awareness on behaviour is more in case of female consumers hints to the marketers about the possible benefit of targeting that segment of the consumers. The obvious conclusion from the above research is that the benefit from conversion of awareness and attitude to behaviour would be more in case of female consumers and marketing campaigns should be made to influence this particular market segment. LIMITATIONS, SCOPE FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AND CONCLUSION Firstly the primary data collection was done among a restricted age group (20-30 years) and hence the same cannot be generalized for all the other age groups. Similar studies need to be conducted among other age groups as well. Secondly the same is valid for the educational background. As for the purpose of this study we had only approached students from B-Schools or other equivalent post graduate schools. Hence this result cannot be generalized for other sections of the society. Thirdly there might be an influence of cultural behaviour on survey results as the same is restricted to Indian cities. Hence for the purpose of generalizing the results, future studies should take into account the cultural influence on different variables. Fourthly The media used for the dissemination of the questionnaire in our case is internet because of the scarcity of time. Hence this might have restricted a few of the respondents from our target group. A parallel on-paper questionnaire could have provided a more comprehensive sample from the target group. But for the restricted category of people from which our sample was taken and which forms a substantial market for eco friendly products the results hold true. Thus for this section Eco Friendly Attitude positively impacts Eco Friendly Behaviour and the same is moderated by Environmental Awareness. The impacts are much higher in female consumers compared to male consumers. Hence female consumers should ideally be the target of marketers to eco friendly products who try to drive in awareness about eco friendly products to people having positive attitude towards the same.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Essay --

The impact of Social Media on academic life In this report we will be discussing a whole range of topics on how social media has had a massive impact on academic skills. The reason why we choose this as a group is because we all know how big social media and also social networking sites has had a massive impact on us and also a lot of people not just youngster but adult as well so this research/project really fits in our age democrat and our day to day lifestyle. We split the research and presentation evenly so between the three of us know one had too much to do or too little to do. As a trio I believe we worked well as a team even though we only knew each other’s couple weeks prior the group research was given out. No matter what people do everybody socialise with different people whether if it’s on the phone, computer, work, school, colleges and even universities. What we really want to know is why it has a massive affect on people’s academic life, seeing as people mostly use social media networking sit es to communicate with family members and friends. The issues that will be discussing in this report will be: †¢ What is social media †¢ History on how social media expanded †¢ Several different types of social media †¢ Advantages of social media on academic life †¢ Disadvantages of social media on academic life †¢ Our view on social media on a whole and conclusion What is social media? Social media is interacting with people using the internet. Having varies of social channels, websites that allows you to blog communicate, upload pictures and videos are all different types of social media. This allows you to share information with one another. Social media is increased throughout the years, every other month and new social media ... ...attending our meetings or lessons we will let the teacher know and also deal with the matter ourselves. This risk assessment shows what we have planned for any risk that may accrue while doing our project. We also showed what and how we would handle them as a team. Few of the risks above did occur to us which is what we put it in our risk assessment. References Dave Kerpen (June 7th 2011). Likeable Social Media: How to Delight Your Customers, Create an Irresistible Brand, and Be Generally Amazing on Facebook (and Other Social Networks). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. 25-30. http://webtrends.about.com/od/web20/a/social-media.htm (website) http://www.icrossing.co.uk/fileadmin/uploads/eBooks/What_is_Social_Media_iCrossing_ebook.pdf (book/webiste) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/parents/cyber_bullying/ (website) Spot light news by John Puecell (newspaper article)

Friday, October 11, 2019

The Idea Of Universal Design Architecture Essay

There are many misconceptions environing the thought of cosmopolitan design. Peoples frequently believe that supplying the handicapped with signage or a incline is sufficient and patterns the ideals of cosmopolitan design. What people must understand is that cosmopolitan design is about supplying these necessary comfortss to the disabled without segregating them from the norm of society. It is besides approximately making a infinite that can defy multiple environments and the crazes of clip as a dateless creative activity. In a universally designed universe peoples differences are non highlighted by constructing use but are designed for and make seamlessness between users. The bottom up theory is looked to by many interior decorators when set uping cosmopolitan infinite ; â€Å" it works on the premiss that the edifice users, the designer is functioning include those with disablements are all people who can be treated as normal people [ 2 ] † and with this you must get down at the underside of the pyramid and purpose to make the top and achieve universal design. Questions to see when planing a universally designed infinite may be how this infinite will react to different environments or epochs and as the user or users change what will be the response to how it is used. Universal designed has been outlined and defined into seven rules that can be applied to a broad scope of countries including architectural infinites to merchandise design.Equitable usageFlexibility in usageSimple and intuitivePerceptible informationTolerance for mistakeLow physical attemptSize and infinite for attack and usageAccess Living HeadquartersAccess Living is an organisation that started in the early 1970 ‘s and has been committed to rehabilitation and growing of handicapped peoples by the support of handicapped peoples. This company has personal with a battalion of disablements and alone challenges that they encounter. In March 5, 2007 LCM Architects lead by spouse John H. Catlin, FAIA designed entree life ‘s chief central office in Chicago with non merely a cosmopolitan focal point by as a sustainable design way. This 50,000 115 West Chicago Avenue. concern footmark for Access populating genuinely reflects the mission of the company and reinforces their ideals to authorise the options available to differences of others. It has been awarded â€Å" the Barrier Free America Award from Paralyzed Veterans of America ; A sustainable design award from AIA ; the Trend Setter Award from Friends of Downtown ; LEED Gold Certification ; and a Silver Award from the Association of Accredited Architects † .Design Solutionsâ€Å" LCM designers started the vision of cosmopolitan design, by taking an accessible location † and sing edifice attack. The edifice is no more than two blocks from the local train ‘s belowground station and from the metropolis coach. This close relationship non merely encourages green transit but it provided for utilizations that may non hold other manners of transit and its premier location allows for people from multiple locations to be able to utile this characteristic with easiness. In add-on to the consideration of close propinquity, the garage of the edifice has designated infinites that allow for electri c vehicles to be recharged for usage. As users approach, the edifice integrates two kerb bead offs seamlessly added to let for users coming from street degree and for wheelchair lifts to hold a â€Å" direct path to the chief edifice entryway † [ 4 ] . Being in a colder clime of the United States, architect Catlin devised a solution to cover with iced pavements in the winter months by planing a het concrete pavements and good illuminated attacks. All of these characteristics lead straight into the entryway of the edifice that is separated by two sets of skiding doors that open straight off the pavement. These doors have a broad gap of 60 inches to let for easy mobility or two wheelchairs in passing. Once you enter in to edifice for entree life, its good designed interior anteroom infinite and furniture choice leaves you no hint that this infinite is universally designed. LCM designers and there squad of interior decorators took close consideration into their interior picks being scruples of spacing, stuffs, colourss and constellations so this truly was a universally accepting infinite. â€Å" Universal design has a close relationship to human factor and biotechnologies. As a procedure they both attempt to see the abilities and restrictions of users when developing a merchandise or edifice an environment. [ 5 ] † All of the furniture came from the Steelcase, so a choice piece could be duplicated in several signifiers to include with arms/without, adjustable or basic systems that encouraged alteration as necessary. Using a individual maker line allowed for a broad scope of siting picks to read and flux seamlessly. Within this constellation ample infinite is giving for wheel chair move ability and integrating within a personal or big group interaction. Multiple chair highs are included for users of all statures and â€Å" clearance below some of the seating is unfastened to let the user to force up to the standing place with their leg musculuss [ 6 ] † . A usage characteristic within the anteroom is the response desk ; â€Å" Lehner points out that the response country underscores the cosmopolitan design. â€Å" â€Å" A individual nearing the response desk in a wheelchair should hold the same ability to utilize it as a individual who does n't hold a disablement. That ‘s the premiss behind the full design-no 1 uses a back door or side door, and no 1 uses a incline. Everybody comes in the same door and uses the same lifts † † [ 8 ] . Unique to most response desk, the primary dimension is at a wheel chaired accessible â€Å" antagonistic tallness of ( 29-30 † AFF ) † [ 9 ] . Based on the guided attack to the desk articulatio genus and toe infinite is carefully designed and supply for. The response desk does besides include a little part at the standard tallness of 42. Much consideration was giving to the response side of the desk because this would be the primary and full clip user of the millwork. The desk maintains the counter tallness and electrical mercantile establishments are placed at the terminals of the counter opposed to across to minimise the demand for users to strive to make across counter span. The employee besides is provided with a really accessible attack to their work station and a turning radius within, leting for a 360 grade wheelchair turning radius. Beyond the response desk, cagey inclusions of cosmopolitan rules are utilised to help with user move ability throughout. Two lifts with dual entry points allow users to travel rapidly in and out without the demand of turning within a little confined infinite. The lifts are besides big plenty to back up four wheelchairs within. Along with the maximization of mobility within the lift Architect Catilin incorporated province of the art exigency usage engineering for the deaf and caput of hearing and enlarge lift buttons placed at a cosmopolitan accessible tallness. Each of the floors of the Access Living Company, are colour coded so users can easy place vicinity and way. This colour coding procedure is a fantastic tool to help the immature kid to aged and people with all timers. This would besides extinguish the defeats of acquiring off the lift on the incorrect floor, like so many of us have done. Once on a floor users, will detect ample floor infinite as to non to experience constraine d by close furniture constellations and for wheelchair passing. The high traffic and countries of emersion are ingeniously deigned with a floor boundary line that lines the walls so the visually impaired can easy use this tool to steer through the floors. To a user with no sight impairments this merely appears as an aesthetical characteristic because of how good it integrated throughout. This characteristic is a premier illustration of how cosmopolitan design rules do non foregrounding the differences of users.ObstaclesIn planing the Access Living headquarter LCM Architects, incurred many obstructions in making a infinite that was non merely cosmopolitan, sustainable but besides aesthetically and functionally functional. With their primary focal point on making a cosmopolitan infinite they rapidly learned that â€Å" what works for one disablement does n't ever work for another, [ 10 ] † Lehner says. As a cosmopolitan interior decorator you must larn to equilibrate the integrating of adjustments so they are non swayed by a peculiar user. à ¢â‚¬Å" That ‘s nowhere more evident than in the flooring. Lowest common multiple discovered through research that rug, contrary to popular belief, serves people with MCS by pin downing contaminations that would otherwise remain airborne. It besides offers grip for people utilizing canes. â€Å" But rug can be hard to negociate with a wheelchair, † says Catlin [ 11 ] † This is a great lesson to be learned because when people think a disablement they excessively frequently merely think of wheelchair users. After choosing a cloth that architect Catlin thought would be perfect for all of the users in the infinite he rapidly had to return to the pulling board after one employee had an epileptic ictus from the intense patterning of the flooring. This is one illustration of the many troubles faced in this undertaking in planing for the multitudes, but Catlin remedies this job by put ining a more hushed form through the edifice while still â€Å" guaranting at that place was still adequate contrast on hallway boundary lines to assist steer people with ocular damages [ 12 ] † .DecisionAlthough they are a part of users there are wheel chair bound we must see and be cognizant that there are infinite damages that cause all users to hold different demands and ways in which they utilize a infinite. Planing a cosmopolitan infinite you must hold an apprehension of that and retrieve that you are non planing for outlined user but in bend everyone becomes your user. It is frequently really hard to make and plan a feasible solution that all people will hold user friendly, which is why designers and interior decorators seem to steam off from this rule. Catlin illustrates that non merely can plan be an aesthetically delighting cosmopolitan infinite but green rule can besides be an applied in a superb manner.Plants CitedAccess Living. Ed. Geekpak. Acess Living, 2008. Web. 14 Oct. 2009.Boniface, Russell. â€Å" Paralytic Veterans of America Honors Chicago-b ased Access Living for Accessible Design. † The News of American ‘s Community of Architects. AIArchitect, 17 Aug. 2007. Web. 20 Oct. 2009..Dong, Hua. Switching Paradigms in Universal Design. Vol. 4554/2007. Heidelberg: Springer, 2007. Print.Goldsmith, Selwyn. Universal Design. Pine tree state: Architectural, 2001. Print.Meyers, Tiffany. â€Å" UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN ACCESS LIVING HQ. † Metropolis Magazine Oct. 2007. Metropolis Magazine, Sept. 09. Web. 23 Oct. 2009..Tandem, Byan, erectile dysfunction. â€Å" Home Design: Understanding Universal Design. † AARP ( 2008 ) . AARP. Web. 22 Oct. 2009..Goldsmith, Selwyn. Universal Design. Pine tree state: Architectural, 2001. Print.GoldsmithAccess Living. Ed. Geekpak. Access Living, 2008. Web. 14 Oct. 2009.Access LivingDong, Hua. Switching Paradigms in Universal Design. Vol. 4554/2007. Heidelberg: Springer, 2007. Print.Access LivingAccess LivingBoniface, Russell. â€Å" Paralytic Veterans of America Honors Chicago-bas ed Access Living for Accessible Design. † The News of American ‘s Community of Architects. AIArchitect, 17 Aug. 2007. Web. 20 Oct. 2009..Access LivingMeyers, Tiffany. â€Å" UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN ACCESS LIVING HQ. † Metropolis Magazine Oct. 2007. Metropolis Magazine, Sept. 09. Web. 23 Oct. 2009..MeyersMeyers